All About Direct and Indirect Speech
~Pengertian :
Direct Speech adalah Kalimat langsung / kutipan asli pada suatu pembicaraan tanpa adanya suatu perubahan. Penulisan Direct Speech selalu di apit oleh tanda kutip dan kalimat selalu di awali huruf kapital.
Contoh : Pal says, ” I’m a university student”
Indirect Speech adalah Kalimat atau kata-kata yang diucapkan atau diceritakan kembali dengan cara lain, tetapi tidak mengubah artinya, dengan tidak lagi mengulang pembicaraan tetapi menceritakan apa yang dikatakan sipembicara sebelumnya/membicarakan kembali (Indirect Sentence).
Contoh : Pal said that he was a university student
~Bentuk-Bentuk Direct and Indirect Speech :
Yang menggunakan “that”
#He said, “we will go to Singapore tomorrow”
#He said that they would go to Singapore the next day.
2. Command (Perintah)
#He said, “we will go to Singapore tomorrow”
#He said that they would go to Singapore the next day.
2. Command (Perintah)
Menambahkan kata “to” sebagai penghubung kalimat melaporkan dengan yang dilaporkan. “not to” dalam perintah negatif.
#He told me, “wait for me !”
#He told me to wait for him.
#She told me, “don’t cheat anymore !”
#She told me not to cheat anymore.
3. Question (Pertanyaan)
#He told me, “wait for me !”
#He told me to wait for him.
#She told me, “don’t cheat anymore !”
#She told me not to cheat anymore.
3. Question (Pertanyaan)
A. Yes / No Question
#Ina asked me, “Do you really love me?”
#Ina asked me if/whether I really loved her.
#Ina asked me if/whether I really loved her.
B. Question word Question
#Anton asked me, “what’s happening to you ? You look so pale”
#Anton asked me what was happening to me as I looked so pale.
Seperti yang dijelaskan di, perbuahan dari direct ke indirect juga mempengaruhi tensis yang digunakan. Kebanyakan orang sulit memahami perubahan yang satu ini. Disini akan dipaparkan dalam bentuk tabel :
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
| ||
1
|
» Simple Present Tenses
|
» Simple Past Tenses
| ||
+
|
S + V1(s,es) + o/c
|
+
|
S + V2 + o/c
| |
-
|
S + Do/Does + V1 + o/c
|
-
|
S + Did + Not + V1 + o/c
| |
?
|
Do/Does + S + V1 + o/c
|
?
|
Did + S + V1 + o/c
| |
Mother said, “I go to the market today”
|
Mother said that she went to the market that day
| |||
2
|
» Present Continuous Tenses
|
» Past Continuous Tenses
| ||
+
|
S + TOBE(Is, Am, Are) + V1 + Ing
|
+
|
S + TOBE(Was,Were) + V1 + Ing
| |
-
|
S + TOBE(Is, Am, Are) + Not + V1 + Ing
|
-
|
S + TOBE(Was,Were) + Not + V1 + Ing
| |
?
|
TOBE(Is, Am, Are) + S + V1 + Ing
|
?
|
TOBE(Was,Were) + S + V1 + Ing
| |
Andi says, “I am going to school”
|
Andi says that he was going to school
| |||
3
|
» Present Perfect Tenses
|
» Past Perfect Tenses
| ||
+
|
S + Have/Has + V3
|
+
|
S + Had + V3
| |
-
|
S + Have/Has + Not + V3
|
-
|
S + Had + Not + V3
| |
?
|
Have/Has + S + V3
|
?
|
Had + S + V3
| |
The Teachers said, “We have some tests for you”
|
The Teachers said that they have some tests for you
| |||
4
|
» Present Perfect Continuous Tenses
|
» Past Perfect Continuous Tenses
| ||
+
|
S + Have/Has + Been + V1 + ing
|
+
|
S + Had + Been + V1 + Ing
| |
-
|
S + Have/Has + Been + Not + V1 + ing
|
-
|
S + Had + Been + Not V1 + Ing
| |
?
|
Have/Has + S + Been + V1 + ing
|
?
|
Had + S + Been + V1 + Ing
| |
Sherry said, “I have been reading the book
|
Sherry said that she had been reading the book
| |||
5
|
» Simple Past Tenses
|
» Past Pefect Tenses
| ||
+
|
S + V2 + o/c
|
+
|
S + Had + V3
| |
-
|
S + Did + Not + V1 + o/c
|
-
|
S + Had + Not + V3
| |
?
|
Did + S + V1 + o/c
|
?
|
Had + S + V3
| |
Otoosan said, “I ate that food yesterday”
|
Otoosan said that he had eaten those food the previous day
| |||
6
|
» Past Continuous Tenses
|
» Past Perfect Continuous Tenses
| ||
+
|
S + TOBE(Was,Were) + V1 + Ing
|
+
|
S + Had + Been + V1 + Ing
| |
-
|
S + TOBE(Was,Were) + Not + V1 + Ing
|
-
|
S + Had + Been + Not V1 + Ing
| |
?
|
TOBE(Was,Were) + S + V1 + Ing
|
?
|
Had + S + Been + V1 + Ing
| |
Kudo said, “My parents were goin to my grandma’s house last night”
|
Kudo said that his parents had been going to his grandma’s house the previous night
| |||
7
|
» Simple Future Tenses
|
» Past Future Tenses
| ||
+
|
S + Will/Shall + V1
|
+
|
S + Would/Should + V1
| |
-
|
S + Will/Shall + Not + V1
|
-
|
S + Would/Should + Not + V1
| |
?
|
Will /Shall + S + V1
|
?
|
Would/Should + Not + V1
| |
Conan said, “My family will come from Japan”
|
Conan said that his family would go from Japan
| |||
~Perubahan Pronoun
Perubahan pronoun dan possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang dipakai di direct speech (kalimat langsung) yang tentunya mempengaruhi perubahan pronoun pada indirect speech (kalimat tidak langsung).
· Kata ganti orang pertama (I dan We) pada reporting speech (lihat penjelasan di awal) berubah sesuai subjek yang ada di reproted speech.
· Kata ganti orang kedua (You) di reporting speech pada direct speech berubah sesuai objek pada reported speech.
· Kata ganti orang ketiga (He, she, it dan they) pada direct speech tidak mengalami perubahan ketika dirubah ke indirect speech.
~Perubahan Keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverbs of time and place)
Tidak hanya itu, dalam perubahan dari direct speech ke indirect speech juga mempengaruhi adverbs khusunya adverb of time (keterangan waktu) dan adverb of place (keterangan tempat). Maka anda harus memperhatikan tabel dibawah ini :
~CONTOH KALIMAT DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
Penjelasan terakhir dari saya , agar kalian dapat lebih mengerti tentang Direct and Indirect Speech , Ok langsung saja perhatikan tabel dibawah ini :
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